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Related Concept Videos

Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

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Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
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Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
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Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

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Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
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Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

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Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
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Oxygen delivery is critical in clinical care, especially for patients with respiratory disorders or those undergoing surgical procedures. Various systems, such as tracheostomy and the T-piece, deliver oxygen to the lungs, ensuring adequate arterial oxygenation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level
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Post-Operative Monitoring of Intestinal Tissue Oxygenation Using an Implantable Microfabricated Oxygen Sensor.

Jamie R K Marland1, Mark E Gray2, David J Argyle2

  • 1School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, University of Edinburgh, Scottish Microelectronics Centre, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.

Micromachines
|August 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new implantable oxygen sensor can monitor tissue oxygenation after intestinal surgery. This technology aids in the early detection of anastomotic leakage (AL), a serious post-operative risk.

Keywords:
anastomotic leakageelectrochemicalmicrofabricatedoxygen sensoroxygenation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Surgical Innovation
  • Medical Device Development

Background:

  • Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a frequent and severe complication after intestinal resection, often linked to tissue ischemia.
  • Early identification of AL risk is crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing mortality.
  • Current monitoring methods lack the ability for continuous, real-time assessment of tissue oxygenation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a miniature, implantable electrochemical oxygen sensor for continuous post-operative tissue oxygenation monitoring.
  • To assess the sensor's accuracy in detecting ischemia and monitoring oxygen levels at colorectal anastomoses.
  • To provide a tool for early identification of anastomotic leakage risk.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a microelectrode-based electrochemical oxygen sensor on a silicon substrate with a protective hydrogel membrane.
  • Encapsulation of the sensor in a biocompatible package for in vivo implantation.
  • In vitro testing for oxygen sensitivity and linearity, and in vivo testing using a pre-clinical pig model of intestinal ischemia.

Main Results:

  • The sensor demonstrated sensitive and linear responses to oxygen partial pressure variations in vitro.
  • Protein biofouling partially reduced sensor sensitivity over time.
  • The sensor accurately detected acute intestinal ischemia and graded changes in tissue oxygenation in a pre-clinical model.
  • Continuous monitoring at a colorectal anastomosis for over 45 hours was successfully demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • Implantable electrochemical oxygen sensors show promise for continuous post-operative monitoring of tissue oxygenation.
  • This technology can aid in the early detection of anastomotic leakage risk.
  • Further development and clinical use of these sensors could significantly improve surgical patient safety.