Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

58.0K
Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
58.0K
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

10.7K
RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
10.7K
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

25.2K
RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
25.2K
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

16.4K
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
16.4K
Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

17.8K
Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
17.8K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

7.5K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
7.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decoding heat through membrane nanoclusters in plants.

Journal of integrative plant biology·2026
Same author

Decoding the Salt-Tolerance Code of Green Revolution Cereals.

Molecular plant·2026
Same author

Cellular water-potential sensing through biomolecular condensation.

Nature·2026
Same author

Redox-Dependent Chaperoning of GBF1 Condensates Regulates Seed Germination in Arabidopsis.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

A Multidimensional View of Biomolecular Condensates in Plant Biology.

Annual review of plant biology·2026
Same author

Abiotic stress sensing in plants: Biochemical and biophysical basis.

Molecular plant·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Practical Aspects of Sample Preparation and Setup of 1H R1ρ Relaxation Dispersion Experiments of RNA
08:17

Practical Aspects of Sample Preparation and Setup of 1H R1ρ Relaxation Dispersion Experiments of RNA

Published on: July 9, 2021

4.9K

Phase separation in RNA biology.

Yi Lin1, Xiaofeng Fang1

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Journal of Genetics and Genomics = Yi Chuan Xue Bao
|August 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cells use liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to form biomolecular condensates, especially for RNA processes. RNA

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cells organize functions using biomolecular condensates formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS).
  • LLPS is particularly prevalent in RNA-related biological processes.
  • RNAs are multivalent macromolecules influencing condensate properties and formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the significant role of LLPS in organizing RNA-related cellular functions.
  • To understand how RNA molecules influence the dynamics of biomolecular condensates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging studies on LLPS in RNA biology.
  • Analysis of the impact of RNA on condensate formation and properties.

Main Results:

Keywords:
CondensatesMembrane-less organellePhase separationRNA biology

More Related Videos

Isolation of Cognate RNA-protein Complexes from Cells Using Oligonucleotide-directed Elution
10:53

Isolation of Cognate RNA-protein Complexes from Cells Using Oligonucleotide-directed Elution

Published on: January 16, 2017

9.2K
Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
09:16

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

12.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Practical Aspects of Sample Preparation and Setup of 1H R1ρ Relaxation Dispersion Experiments of RNA
08:17

Practical Aspects of Sample Preparation and Setup of 1H R1ρ Relaxation Dispersion Experiments of RNA

Published on: July 9, 2021

4.9K
Isolation of Cognate RNA-protein Complexes from Cells Using Oligonucleotide-directed Elution
10:53

Isolation of Cognate RNA-protein Complexes from Cells Using Oligonucleotide-directed Elution

Published on: January 16, 2017

9.2K
Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
09:16

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

12.9K
  • LLPS is overrepresented in various RNA processes including transcription, splicing, processing, and translation.
  • RNA molecules significantly affect the formation, dissolution, and biophysical characteristics of condensates.

Conclusions:

  • LLPS is a critical mechanism for regulating RNA-related cellular functions.
  • The interplay between LLPS and RNA ensures precise control over cellular activities.