Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.8K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
2.8K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.9K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
2.9K
Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.2K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.2K
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

8.6K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
8.6K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

2.1K
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
2.1K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.3K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nature connectedness and healthy eating: The possible role of self-control.

Applied psychology. Health and well-being·2026
Same author

Synergistic texture enhancement of fibrous and amorphous fava bean protein fractions in reduced-phosphate myofibrillar protein gels: A concerted physical and chemical cross-linking mechanism.

Food chemistry·2026
Same author

Cured color development and mechanism in fermented pork sausages using arginine-rich salmon milt hydrolysates: A novel strategy for reducing chemical nitrite addition.

Meat science·2026
Same author

[Responses of radial growth and leaf physiology to drought in <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> and <i>Quercus acutissima</i>].

Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology·2026
Same author

Folic acid protects against <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> antigen-induced vascular injury via the CD36-autophagy-lysosomal axis.

Autophagy·2026
Same author

Microbial inoculations enhance soil aggregation and carbon stabilization via root exudate-mediated microbial association networks.

The New phytologist·2026
Same journal

An intrinsically stretchable nanowire-based sensing patch for wearable analysis of sweat chloride ion composition.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

A sterically rigid-flexible balanced NHC-Pd precatalyst for room-temperature solvent-free C-N coupling of benzocyclic amines.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Portable fluorescent conjugated microporous polymer sensor coupled with a smartphone for on-site Fe<sup>3+</sup> detection in water.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Accelerated discovery of NO<sub>3</sub>RR single-atom catalysts <i>via</i> high-throughput DFT and machine learning.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Wafer-scale robust graphene electronics under industrial processing conditions.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Subnanoscale IrW oxide anodes: breaking immiscibility for high activity and durability in water electrolysis.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

12.0K

Plasmonic-redox controlled atom transfer radical polymerization.

Yuyang Guo1, Yu Zou, Jiang Jiang

  • 1Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai, 200444, China.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|August 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasmonic-Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) uses light-activated reactions to regenerate copper catalysts. This method allows control over polymer properties like molecular weight by managing light energy transfer.

More Related Videos

3D Printing and In Situ Surface Modification via Type I Photoinitiated Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

3D Printing and In Situ Surface Modification via Type I Photoinitiated Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: February 18, 2022

3.9K
Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

12.0K
3D Printing and In Situ Surface Modification via Type I Photoinitiated Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

3D Printing and In Situ Surface Modification via Type I Photoinitiated Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: February 18, 2022

3.9K
Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) is a controlled polymerization technique.
  • Plasmonic nanoparticles can generate energetic carriers (hot electrons and holes) upon light irradiation.
  • Controlling catalyst regeneration is crucial for precise polymer synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a plasmonic-enhanced ATRP system.
  • To investigate the role of photo-redox reactions in catalyst regeneration.
  • To demonstrate control over polymerization degree and molecular weight.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing plasmonic nanoparticles to generate photo-induced charge carriers.
  • Employing photo-redox reactions for the regeneration of Cu(I) species in ATRP.
  • Correlating the rate of plasmonic hot carrier extraction with polymerization kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated successful regeneration of Cu(I) via both direct (hot electron) and indirect (hot hole) photo-redox pathways.
  • Showcased the ability to regulate polymerization degree and molecular weight.
  • Established a direct link between hot carrier dynamics and polymer characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Plasmonic-ATRP offers a novel route for controlled polymerization.
  • The regeneration of catalytic species through plasmonic hot carriers provides tunable control over polymer architecture.
  • This approach opens new avenues for light-mediated polymer synthesis.