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Silk biomaterials for vascular tissue engineering applications.

Prerak Gupta1, Biman B Mandal2

  • 1Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.

Acta Biomaterialia
|August 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Silk fibroin shows promise for small diameter vascular grafts, offering biological integration and regeneration potential. This review details silk-based tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) and their pre-clinical success.

Keywords:
BiomaterialsNon-mulberrySilk fibroinTissue engineeringVascular grafts

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Synthetic grafts face limitations in small diameter vascular reconstruction.
  • Silk biomaterials possess favorable biological and mechanical properties for vascular regeneration.
  • Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) offer in situ growth potential and better integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of silk-based small diameter (<6 mm) TEVGs.
  • To emphasize the pre-clinical implications and performance of silk TEVGs.
  • To discuss fabrication methods, in vivo performance, and future prospects.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of silk molecular structure (mulberry and non-mulberry).
  • Appraisal of fabrication methodologies for silk TEVGs.
  • Review of pre-clinical data on silk TEVG performance in animal models.

Main Results:

  • Silk fibroin exhibits properties conducive to vascular regeneration.
  • Various fabrication techniques yield silk TEVGs with promising in vivo performance.
  • Silk-based TEVGs demonstrate potential for long-term patency and tissue remodeling.

Conclusions:

  • Silk biomaterials are a viable option for developing small diameter TEVGs.
  • Further research and pre-clinical studies are essential for clinical translation.
  • Optimizing silk TEVG design can enhance biological activity and clinical success.