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Intergenerational educational mobility over the past century in Canada.

Alex Chow1, Neil Guppy1

  • 1Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

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Despite educational expansion in Canada, intergenerational educational mobility has remained stagnant for men and women over the past century. This indicates limited social progress in educational opportunity equality.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Education Studies
  • Social Mobility Research

Background:

  • Higher education enrollment has increased for young adults, suggesting potential for greater class mobility.
  • This perceived mobility is attributed to structural expansion within the Canadian education system, not necessarily increased fairness.
  • Exchange mobility, focusing on the link between social origins and destinations, offers a clearer measure of educational opportunity and social fairness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in intergenerational educational exchange mobility in Canada over the 20th century.
  • To determine if the linkage between parents' and children's educational attainment has shifted.
  • To contribute to the under-researched area of social mobility in Canadian sociology.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a longitudinal dataset by merging fifteen cross-sectional surveys from Statistics Canada's General Social Survey (GSS) (1986-2014).
  • Analysis of synthetic birth cohorts to examine transition probabilities, odds ratios, and logistic regression estimates.
  • Comparison with recent economic studies on intergenerational income mobility.

Main Results:

  • Intergenerational educational exchange mobility for both men and women has been stagnant in Canada throughout the past century.
  • Educational system expansion has not translated into increased social fairness regarding educational attainment.
  • Findings align with previous sociological and economic research on social mobility.

Conclusions:

  • Despite significant growth in educational access, Canada has not experienced notable improvements in intergenerational educational mobility.
  • Educational opportunities remain strongly tied to social origins, indicating a lack of progress in social fairness.
  • Further research is needed to understand the factors contributing to stagnant social mobility in Canada.