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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
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DNA Polymerase Activity Assay Using Near-infrared Fluorescent Labeled DNA Visualized by Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
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RNA polymerases from low G+C gram-positive bacteria.

Michael Miller1, Aaron J Oakley1, Peter J Lewis1,2

  • 1School Of Environmental And Life Sciences, University Of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.

Transcription
|August 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Structural insights into bacterial RNA polymerase from low G+C Gram-positive bacteria, like Bacillus subtilis, are crucial for understanding gene expression and developing new antimicrobials. This review highlights recent findings on RNA polymerase structure and its potential as a drug target.

Keywords:
AntibioticsAuxiliary factorsLow G+C bacteriaRNA polymeraseTranscription regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Structural Biology
  • Antimicrobial Development

Background:

  • Low G+C Gram-positive bacteria are vital in medicine and industry, causing infections and producing essential compounds.
  • Gene expression control in these bacteria is well-studied, but structural data on their RNA polymerase was lacking.
  • RNA polymerase (RNAP) is a key target for antimicrobial strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent high-resolution structural information on RNAP from Bacillus subtilis, a model low G+C Gram-positive bacterium.
  • To elucidate the roles of auxiliary subunits delta (δ) and epsilon (ε) in RNAP function.
  • To explore strategies for developing novel antimicrobials targeting RNAP in this bacterial group.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution structural analysis of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase.
  • Biochemical and genetic studies on the function of auxiliary subunits.
  • Bioinformatic and medicinal chemistry approaches for antimicrobial development.

Main Results:

  • Detailed structural models of Bacillus subtilis RNAP have been determined.
  • The auxiliary subunits δ and ε play significant roles in RNAP regulation and assembly.
  • Structural information provides a basis for designing targeted inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the structure of RNAP from low G+C Gram-positive bacteria is essential for both basic science and drug discovery.
  • The identified structural features and auxiliary subunits offer promising avenues for novel antimicrobial development.
  • Targeting RNAP presents a viable strategy to combat infections caused by these important bacteria.