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    Area of Science:

    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Machine Learning
    • Control Theory

    Background:

    • Sequential decision-making problems are prevalent in various domains.
    • Traditional methods often struggle with noisy data and parameter uncertainty.
    • Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) provide a mathematical framework for modeling these problems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a robust framework for sequential decision-making.
    • To enhance learning policies with robustness to noisy data.
    • To determine unknown state and action parameters and perform sensitivity analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • The framework quantifies exploration using Shannon entropy of trajectories within MDPs.
    • It determines stochastic policies maximizing entropy while ensuring low expected costs.
    • The approach extends to parameterized MDPs and Reinforcement Learning (RL) problems.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed policy improves early exploration, leading to faster convergence and robust solutions.
    • Demonstrated superior performance compared to Q-learning, Double Q-learning, and Soft Q-learning.
    • Successfully applied to a 5G small cell network problem, optimizing routes and locations.

    Conclusions:

    • The framework offers a robust and efficient approach to sequential decision-making.
    • It effectively handles noisy data and parameter dependencies.
    • Provides valuable sensitivity measures for practical applications.