[Dynamic Material Flow Analysis of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in China: 1985-2019]

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Chemical Engineering
• Risk Assessment

Background:

• Perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) are persistent organic pollutants with significant bioaccumulation and toxicity.
• Understanding the dynamic flows, stocks, and emissions of PFOS is crucial for effective environmental management strategies.
• Previous research has highlighted the global concern surrounding PFOS, necessitating detailed regional analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and apply a dynamic material flow analysis (d-MFA) model for PFOS in mainland China.
• To characterize the historical cycles, including flows, stocks, and environmental emissions, of PFOS from 1985 to 2019.
• To analyze the sensitivity and uncertainty of the d-MFA model results for PFOS management.

Main Methods:

• Dynamic Material Flow Analysis (d-MFA) model construction.
• Quantitative calculation of PFOS flows, stocks, and environmental emissions.
• Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the model outputs.

Main Results:

• Domestic production was the primary source of PFOS in China, with significant domestic market flow and some export.
• Soil and water identified as main PFOS sinks, with usage stage emissions being the largest contributor (103 tons in 2019).
• PFOS inflows and outflows increased significantly post-2000, with rising in-use stocks and emissions since 2005; landfill stocks steadily increased since 1985.

Conclusions:

• The study provides essential data and theoretical support for the sound management of PFOS in China.
• Findings indicate a need for enhanced end-of-life management strategies beyond traditional landfill and incineration.
• The increasing trend in PFOS stocks and emissions underscores the urgency for regulatory intervention and pollution control measures.