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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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Long Noncoding RNAs: An Overview.

Dongmei Zhang1, Mengshi Wu2, Minmin Xiong2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), discovered via high-throughput sequencing, are critical in physiological processes. This overview details their characteristics, functions, and mechanisms.

Keywords:
CancerEpigeneticLong noncoding RNAsStem cell

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • High-throughput sequencing has revealed a vast number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs).
  • lncRNAs are non-protein coding transcripts exceeding 200 nucleotides.
  • These molecules are increasingly recognized for their roles in cellular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of lncRNAs.
  • To discuss the characteristics and biological functions of lncRNAs.
  • To explore the working mechanisms of lncRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide transcriptome analyses.
  • Chromatin epigenetic modification studies.
  • Literature review and synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Identification of lncRNAs as a distinct class of transcripts.
  • Emerging evidence highlights lncRNA involvement in numerous physiological processes.
  • lncRNAs exhibit diverse characteristics and functions.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are significant functional molecules in biology.
  • Understanding lncRNA mechanisms is crucial for comprehending cellular processes.
  • Further research into lncRNAs promises new insights into health and disease.