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COVID-19 deaths and associated demographic factors in Central Java, Indonesia
Dwi Sutiningsih1, Nur Azizah Azzahra2, Yulianto Prabowo3
1DVM, M.PH, Ph.D., Epidemiology and Tropical Disease Department, Public Health Faculty, Diponegoro University, Prof. Soedarto, S.H., Tembalang Street, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, 50275, and Master of Epidemiology, Postgraduate School, Diponegoro University, Imam Bardjo S.H., No.5 Street, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, 50241.
Older males are more vulnerable to COVID-19 death in Central Java. This study highlights the need for targeted interventions for elderly and male populations, considering comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Gerontology
Background:
- COVID-19 remains a significant cause of mortality globally and in Indonesia.
- Central Java has the third-highest COVID-19 death toll in Indonesia.
- Limited research exists on COVID-19 case characteristics in Central Java.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the characteristics of COVID-19 deaths in Central Java.
- To identify demographic and comorbidity factors associated with COVID-19 mortality.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional descriptive study design.
- Analysis of secondary data from 4359 COVID-19 death cases up to December 13, 2020.
- Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analyses were employed.
Main Results:
- The highest mortality was observed in individuals aged ≥60 years (43.52%) and males (57.28%).
- Case fatality rate increased with age, with the elderly having the highest CFR (17.95%).
- Comorbidities, particularly diabetes (31.82%) and hypertension (18.74%), were prevalent (65.79%), with older age significantly associated with comorbidity (OR 1.664).
Conclusions:
- Older age and male sex are significant risk factors for COVID-19 mortality.
- Comorbidities, especially in the elderly, increase vulnerability to fatal COVID-19 outcomes.
- Further research is needed to explore other demographic and clinical factors influencing COVID-19 fatality.
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