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Measuring and Tracking Personal Opportunity Outcome Measures Over 3 Years to Guide Policy and Services That Promote
Sheng-Lun Cheng1, Seb M Prohn1, Parthenia Dinora1
1Virginia Commonwealth University.
Inclusion (Washington, D.C.)
|August 23, 2021
Summary
A validated measure of Personal Opportunity, including Privacy Rights, Everyday Choice, and Community Participation, reliably assessed outcomes for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) over three years. Improvements were noted in privacy and community involvement.
Area of Science:
- Disability Studies
- Health Services Research
- Psychometrics
Background:
- National policy and litigation drive system changes for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD).
- The National Core Indicators (NCI) In-Person Survey (IPS) assesses outcomes for those receiving Medicaid Home and Community Based IDD waiver services (HCBS).
- Understanding personal outcomes is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of IDD services and policies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To validate a three-factor measure of Personal Opportunity (Privacy Rights, Everyday Choice, Community Participation) derived from NCI items.
- To examine the invariance and generalizability of these Personal Opportunity constructs across different NCI cohorts over time.
- To assess changes in personal outcomes related to privacy, choice, and community participation for adults with IDD.
Main Methods:
- Utilized multiple-groups confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on NCI data from Virginia (N=2400) across 2017, 2018, and 2019.
- Examined the measurement invariance of the Personal Opportunity constructs across time and non-equivalent groups.
- Compared latent factor means to identify significant changes in personal outcomes over the study period.
Main Results:
- The three-factor model of Personal Opportunity (Privacy Rights, Everyday Choice, Community Participation) demonstrated invariance across time and groups.
- Latent factor analyses confirmed that the constructs consistently measured the same concepts.
- Significant improvements were observed in Privacy Rights and Community Participation from 2017 to 2019.
Conclusions:
- The validated Personal Opportunity measure is a reliable tool for interpreting the personal outcomes of adults with IDD.
- Findings support the use of this measure to evaluate the impact of policies and practices aimed at enhancing inclusion and quality of life.
- The study highlights progress in privacy and community participation, suggesting positive shifts in service delivery for individuals with IDD.
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