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Related Concept Videos

Bias01:22

Bias

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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
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Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

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Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
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Correspondence Bias01:17

Correspondence Bias

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Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the...
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Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

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Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
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Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias
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Implicit bias reflects systemic racism.

B Keith Payne1, Jason W Hannay1

  • 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|August 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Implicit bias, or automatically evoked mental associations, reflects systemic racism, not just individual attitudes. Understanding this shift is key to addressing persistent racial disparities.

Keywords:
cultureimplicit attitudesimplicit biasracism

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Implicit bias influences social sciences by explaining racial disparities despite changing attitudes.
  • Traditional research views implicit bias as a stable individual attitude.
  • This individual-focused approach overlooks systemic racism's role in disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reframe implicit bias not as an individual trait, but as a reflection of systemic racism.
  • To explore how environmental inequalities and stereotypes shape implicit associations.
  • To understand implicit bias as a dynamic construct influenced by context.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and theoretical analysis of existing implicit bias research.
  • Conceptual framework development linking implicit bias to environmental factors.
  • Synthesis of evidence challenging the individual-difference model of implicit bias.

Main Results:

  • Implicit bias is a cognitive reflection of systemic inequalities and stereotypes.
  • It is not a stable individual difference nor a strong predictor of individual behavior.
  • Implicit bias is dynamic and context-dependent, changing with environmental shifts.

Conclusions:

  • Viewing implicit bias as a reflection of systemic racism offers a more accurate understanding of racial disparities.
  • This perspective highlights the need to address environmental factors rather than solely focusing on individual attitudes.
  • Interventions should consider the systemic and contextual nature of implicit bias for greater effectiveness.