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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Studying stress transformation is essential in understanding how stress components within a material, like a cube under plane stress, change with rotation. This change is analyzed by considering a prismatic element within the cube. As the element rotates, the stress components acting on it—both normal and shearing stresses—change in magnitude and orientation. This change is quantified using trigonometric functions of the rotation angle, relating the forces acting on the rotated element's...
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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
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Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress01:25

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In designing structural elements and machine parts using ductile materials, it is crucial to ensure that these components withstand applied stresses without yielding. Yielding is initially determined through a tensile test, which evaluates the material's response to uniaxial stress. However, tensile stress is insufficient when components face biaxial or plane stress conditions This condition requires advanced criteria to predict failure.
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On the Decrease in Transformation Stress in a Bicrystal Cu-Al-Mn Shape-Memory Alloy during Cyclic Compressive

Tung-Huan Su1, Nian-Hu Lu2, Chih-Hsuan Chen2,3

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering, Civil Engineering Department Building, National Taiwan University, Room 205, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding transformation stress and strain in shape memory alloys is key. Grains with high transformation strain and low transformation stress show stable performance, crucial for Cu-based alloys.

Keywords:
data-driven identificationdigital image correlationfull-field stress and strain measurementsfunctional fatigueshape memory alloyssuperelasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid Mechanics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibit unique properties due to reversible martensitic transformations.
  • Understanding the cyclic evolution of stress and strain fields within individual grains is critical for predicting SMA performance.
  • Inhomogeneous stress and strain distributions can significantly impact the functional properties and long-term stability of SMAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolution of transformation stress (σs) and strain fields in differently oriented grains of Cu-based shape memory alloys under cyclic loading.
  • To elucidate the relationship between crystallographic orientation, transformation strain (εT), transformation stress (σs), and cyclic stability.
  • To identify microstructural features and crystallographic factors that promote stable functional performance in SMAs.

Main Methods:

  • Combined application of digital image correlation (DIC) and data-driven identification techniques.
  • In-situ monitoring of stress and strain fields during cyclic loading of bicrystals.
  • Analysis of transformation strains (εT) for grains with specific crystallographic orientations ([5 3 26]β and [6 5 11]β).

Main Results:

  • Grains with lower theoretical transformation strain (εT) exhibited higher initial transformation stress (σs) and a faster decrease in σs over cycles.
  • Higher initial σs in certain grains correlated with increased dislocation activity during martensite transformation, leading to greater residual strain.
  • Grain boundary kinking was observed to induce an additional reduction in transformation stress.
  • A clear link was established between crystallographic orientation, transformation strain, and the stability of transformation stress.

Conclusions:

  • Crystallographic orientations yielding high transformation strain and low transformation stress are favorable for stable transformation stress.
  • Such stable transformation stress is essential for achieving higher functional performance in Cu-based shape memory alloys.
  • The findings provide critical insights for designing SMAs with enhanced cyclic stability and durability.