Expectations and Perceptions of Students' Basic Science Knowledge: Through the Lens of Clerkship Directors

Basic sciences are a cornerstone of undergraduate medical education (UME) as they provide a necessary foundation for the clinical sciences to be built upon and help foster trainees' competency. However, research indicates that students' basic science knowledge is not well retained, and as a result, students are ill-prepared, with respect to their basic science knowledge, when entering clerkship. One potential reason why students may not be prepared for clerkship is a lack of understanding as to which basic science concepts are critical for medical students to retain from pre-clerkship. We facilitated interviews with all core UME clerkship directors to establish which basic science concepts they expect students to know prior to each clerkship rotation, along with student's basic science strengths and areas of improvement. Interviews revealed that students are expected to have some knowledge of every basic science prior to clerkship, with pharmacology being a strong focus, as many specialties deal with common drugs and classes of drugs. Additionally, general anatomy and physiology knowledge were deemed student strengths in two rotations. Clerkship directors focused on perceived areas of improvement more than perceived strengths, with the most prevalent areas being pharmacology, microbiology, and detailed anatomy. These results represent views of clerkship directors from one Canadian institution; however, since clerks rotate through institutions across Canada, this data provides the impetus for creating a national discussion to help foster standardization of UME curricula, with the overarching goal of ensuring all graduates are proficient in the necessary fundamentals as they transition into residency.