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Related Concept Videos

The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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Spinal Cord01:26

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The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
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A Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord Compression Injury Model
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Pediatric Spinal Cord Diseases.

Victor M Lu1,2, Toba N Niazi1,2

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL.

Pediatrics in Review
|September 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric spinal cord diseases present diversely, encompassing autoimmune, congenital, tumor, and vascular conditions. Accurate diagnosis relies on understanding epidemiologic and imaging data for effective treatment and prognosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuro-oncology
  • Vascular Neurology

Background:

  • Spinal cord diseases in children exhibit significant variability in clinical presentation, underlying pathology, and patient outcomes.
  • Pediatric spinal cord conditions differ markedly from adult counterparts and from each other, necessitating specialized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
  • Common categories include autoimmune (e.g., multiple sclerosis, ADEM, ATM), congenital (e.g., spina bifida, split cord malformation), tumors (e.g., pilocytic astrocytoma, ependymoma), and vascular etiologies (e.g., AVMs, cavernous malformations).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight key features of the most prevalent spinal cord diseases in the pediatric population.
  • To aid clinicians in discerning the diverse presentations of pediatric spinal cord pathologies.
  • To underscore the importance of epidemiologic and imaging data for accurate and timely diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current literature on pediatric spinal cord diseases.
  • Focuses on common conditions across autoimmune, congenital, neoplastic, and vascular categories.
  • Emphasizes diagnostic interpretation of clinical, epidemiologic, and imaging findings.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric spinal cord diseases are categorized into autoimmune, congenital, tumor, and vascular types, each with unique characteristics.
  • Variability in presentation, pathology, and prognosis necessitates tailored management strategies.
  • Epidemiologic and imaging data are critical for differentiating these conditions and guiding diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of pediatric spinal cord diseases requires a comprehensive understanding of their diverse etiologies and presentations.
  • Timely and accurate diagnosis, supported by robust data interpretation, is paramount for optimizing patient outcomes.
  • This review provides essential insights into the most common spinal cord pathologies affecting children.