Development of an in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction technique for lithium-ion battery materials

The development of an in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction technique for lithium-ion battery materials is crucial for understanding the detailed mechanism of thermal runaway. We realized such a technique and employed it on a C₆Li electrode with an LiPF₆-based electrolyte, thereby revealing multiple transformations through several intermediate stages, i.e., C₆Li → C₁₂Li → C₁₈Li/C₂₄Li → C₃₆Li → C₆, which could be helpful to improve the thermal stability.