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Related Concept Videos

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

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The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

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Body:Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

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Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents01:20

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Diarrhea is characterized by the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements. Various factors can trigger diarrhea, including viral or bacterial infections, foodborne illnesses, side effects from certain medications, and underlying digestive disorders. If not adequately managed, diarrhea can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies. Severe diarrhea can lead to significant weight loss, malnutrition, and weakened immune function.
Adsorbents...
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In vitro Digestion of Emulsions in a Single Droplet via Multi Subphase Exchange of Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids
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Bile salts adsorption on dextran-based hydrogels.

Magdalena Cristina Stanciu1, Marieta Nichifor1, Gabriela Liliana Ailiesei1

  • 1"Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 41 A, 700457, Iasi, Romania.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|September 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New dextran-based hydrogels with varying hydrophobicity were synthesized for bile salt removal. The most effective gel, modified with dodecyl groups, demonstrated superior adsorption capacity compared to commercial alternatives.

Keywords:
Bile saltsBinding isothermsCationic amphiphilic polymersDextran gels

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Bile acids play crucial roles in digestion and disease.
  • Developing efficient sorbents for bile acid sequestration is important for therapeutic applications.
  • Existing sorbents like Cholestyramine have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel dextran-based hydrogels with tunable hydrophobicity.
  • To evaluate the hydrogels' efficacy as sorbents for sodium cholate (NaCA) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDCA).
  • To elucidate the adsorption mechanism and identify factors influencing bile salt binding.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of dextran-based hydrogels with quaternary ammonium chloride groups of varying alkyl chain lengths (C2, C12/C16).
  • Structural characterization using elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR spectroscopy.
  • Morphological and swelling studies using SEM.
  • Adsorption studies with NaCA and NaDCA in aqueous and saline solutions.
  • Analysis of adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, etc.) to determine binding mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Hydrogel hydrophobicity significantly influenced bile salt adsorption capacity and binding affinity.
  • The hydrogel with 25 mol% dodecyl groups exhibited maximum adsorption capacities (1051 mg NaCA/g and 1138 mg NaDCA/g).
  • Factors like swelling, porosity, ionic strength, and ligand lipophilicity affected adsorption.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrophobically modified dextran-based hydrogels are promising sorbents for bile acids.
  • Tailoring gel hydrophobicity allows for optimization of bile salt binding.
  • These novel hydrogels show potential for improved therapeutic applications compared to Cholestyramine.