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Extraction: Advanced Methods

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides

Published on: May 26, 2019

An Organic Solvent-Assisted Intercalation and Collection (OAIC) for Ti₃C₂T_x MXene with Controllable Sizes and

Danyao Qu¹, Yingying Jian¹, Lihao Guo¹

¹School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, People's Republic of China.

Nano-Micro Letters

|September 5, 2021

Summary

A novel organic solvent-assisted method efficiently synthesizes titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene flakes. This approach offers high yield and quality for applications like energy storage and EMI shielding.

Keywords:

Controllable sizes High yield MXenes Two-dimensional materials

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Electrochemistry

Background:

Efficient synthesis of titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene is crucial for its diverse applications.
Existing methods face challenges in yield, product quality, and scalability.
Key applications include electromagnetic interference shielding, energy storage, catalysis, sensors, and biomedicine.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a modified, scalable synthesis method for Ti3C2Tx MXene.
To address concerns regarding synthesis approach, yield, and product quality.
To provide a facile route for laboratory synthesis and potential mass production.

Main Methods:

Developed an organic solvent-assisted intercalation and collection method.
Utilized low-speed centrifugation ( < 4000 rpm) throughout the process.
Focused on achieving gram-level preparation with high yield and quality.

Main Results:

Achieved a remarkable yield of 46.3% for Ti3C2Tx MXene.
Obtained material with high electrical conductivity (8672 S cm⁻¹) and capacitive performance (352 F g⁻¹).
Demonstrated control over flake dimensions (0.47–4.60 μm²).

Conclusions:

The developed method offers a low-facility requirement and high efficiency for Ti3C2Tx synthesis.
This approach provides a scalable and reproducible route for MXene production.
It serves as a model for synthesizing other MXene materials and advancing mass production.