Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 21, 2025
08:53
Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
Published on: December 4, 2020
6.4K
Urolithiasis in a captive Siberian chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus)
Silvia Kohutova1, Vladimir Jekl2,3
1Kleintierpraxis Vetstation AG, Mitteldorfstrasse 76 St., 5033 Buchs, Switzerland.
The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
|September 6, 2021
Summary
This case report details struvite urolithiasis in a pet chipmunk, a rare condition. Surgical removal of bladder stones and identification of Proteus mirabilis are discussed.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Exotic Animal Medicine
- Small Mammal Medicine
Background:
- Urolithiasis is uncommon in chipmunks, with limited data on its causes and prevalence.
- Struvite urolithiasis, a common type of urinary stone in some mammals, has not been previously reported in pet chipmunks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report the first clinical case of struvite urolithiasis in a pet chipmunk.
- To describe the diagnostic and surgical management of urinary bladder stones in this species.
Main Methods:
- Clinical examination revealed abdominal masses, confirmed as urinary bladder stones via radiography.
- Surgical removal of the uroliths through ventral midline laparotomy.
- Analysis of uroliths and bacteriology of the affected urinary tract.
Main Results:
- Two ovoid urinary bladder stones were surgically removed.
- Urolith analysis confirmed the presence of struvite.
- Bacteriology identified Proteus mirabilis in the urinary tract.
Conclusions:
- This is the first documented case of struvite urolithiasis in a pet chipmunk.
- Effective management involved surgical intervention.
- Further research into chipmunk urolithiasis etiology and husbandry is warranted for exotic pet care.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management
55
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
55
01:25Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management
74
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
74
01:28Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction
160
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
160
01:26Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
156
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
156
01:28Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management
79
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
79
01:28Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination
685
Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
685