Major Depressive Disorder and Difference between Genders

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Mental Health Research
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent global mental health issue.
• MDD is characterized by symptoms like depressed mood, anhedonia, guilt, sleep and appetite disturbances, low energy, and poor concentration.
• Epidemiological studies indicate significant gender differences in MDD prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate and delineate the specific differences in Major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms between genders.
• To identify how men and women experience and express depressive symptoms uniquely.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of 92 subjects (57 women, 35 men) from Health Center Živinice (September 2019 - May 2021).
• Assessment and severity measurement of 25 distinct depressive disorder symptoms.
• Statistical analysis using SPSS, comparing symptom presentation between genders (average age: women 56, men 52).

Main Results:

• Significant gender differences observed in symptoms including depressed mood, lack of energy, psychomotor retardation, and pessimism.
• Men exhibited a statistically significant higher prevalence of angry outbursts, irritability, thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, impulsive behavior, and risky actions compared to women.
• Women reported more typical depressive symptoms, whereas men were more likely to present with anger, irritability, early morning waking, and alcohol abuse.

Conclusions:

• The study confirms MDD is diagnosed more frequently in women, with distinct gender-based experiences and expressions of symptoms.
• Women predominantly report classic depressive symptoms, while men's presentations include anger, irritability, and behavioral issues.
• Findings highlight the need for gender-sensitive diagnostic and treatment approaches for Major Depressive Disorder.