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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

624
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
624

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Preparation of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Electrodes for Chronic Implantation in Rats
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Powered sheaths for lead extraction.

Gianluigi Bencardino1, Eleonora Ruscio1, Roberto Scacciavillani1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE
|September 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) has advanced significantly, with powered sheaths now offering safer and more effective removal of implanted leads. These tools have expanded TLE indications beyond critical cases to include lead malfunctions, improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
cardiac implantable electronic deviceindicationslead extraction techniquesoutcomepowered sheaths

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) has evolved over 20 years.
  • Early TLE techniques were often ineffective and carried high risks.
  • Indications for TLE have broadened due to improved safety and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the technical aspects of powered sheaths used in TLE.
  • To summarize the performance and outcomes of powered sheaths in TLE procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature and procedural data.
  • Analysis of technical features of powered sheaths.
  • Examination of reported success and complication rates from high-volume centers.

Main Results:

  • Powered sheaths represent a significant advancement in TLE.
  • High success rates and low complication rates are reported with powered sheath use.
  • These devices have facilitated TLE for both infectious and non-infectious lead issues.

Conclusions:

  • Powered sheaths have greatly improved the safety and efficacy of TLE.
  • The use of powered sheaths has expanded the clinical applications of TLE.
  • Further data from high-volume centers confirm the benefits of powered sheath technology in TLE.