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The Epithelial Cell Glycocalyx in Ocular Surface Infection
Pablo Argüeso1, Ashley M Woodward1, Dina B AbuSamra1
1Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Frontiers in Immunology
|September 9, 2021
Summary
The ocular surface glycocalyx, a barrier protecting the eye, can be exploited by pathogens. This review explores its role in various infections and discusses ongoing debates about its functional significance.
Area of Science:
- Ocular surface biology
- Microbiology
- Immunology
Background:
- The ocular surface glycocalyx acts as a primary defense barrier against external threats.
- It is composed of molecules like transmembrane mucins that normally resist infection.
- Pathogenic microorganisms can hijack glycocalyx components to invade epithelial cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of the ocular surface epithelial glycocalyx in bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections.
- To discuss current controversies regarding the functional importance of the epithelial glycocalyx in ocular infectious diseases.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on the ocular glycocalyx and infections.
- Analysis of scientific discourse surrounding the glycocalyx's role in ocular pathogenesis.
Main Results:
- The glycocalyx presents a complex interface where host defense and microbial invasion strategies interact.
- Pathogens have evolved diverse mechanisms to overcome or utilize the glycocalyx for entry.
- Significant debate persists regarding the precise functional impact of the glycocalyx in mediating ocular disease outcomes.
Conclusions:
- The ocular surface glycocalyx is a critical but complex factor in ocular infectious diseases.
- Understanding its dual role as a barrier and a potential virulence factor target is essential.
- Further research is needed to resolve controversies and clarify its precise functional relevance in various ocular infections.
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