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TFOS DEWS III.

Fiona Stapleton1, Pablo Argüeso2, Penny Asbell3

  • 1From the School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.

American Journal of Ophthalmology
|November 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The 2017 TFOS DEWS II report addresses dry eye disease (DED) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). It reviews current understanding and management strategies for these ocular surface conditions.

Keywords:
流行病学,患病率,风险因素,激素,生理性别,社会性别,泪膜,病理生理学,神经源性,临床试验,医源性

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Ocular Surface Disease
  • Dry Eye Disease Research

Background:

  • The Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society (TFOS) Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) II initiative provides updated guidelines.
  • Dry eye disease (DED) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) are prevalent ocular surface conditions.
  • Previous DEWS reports established foundational knowledge, necessitating current revisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review and update the understanding of DED and MGD.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis and management.
  • To address emerging concepts like microRNA in ocular surface disease.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
  • Expert consensus and Delphi methodology.
  • Analysis of epidemiological, clinical, and molecular data.

Main Results:

  • Updated definitions and classifications for DED and MGD.
  • Identification of key risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions.

Conclusions:

  • TFOS DEWS II offers a refined framework for DED and MGD.
  • Emphasizes a personalized approach to patient management.
  • Highlights the need for further research into novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers.