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Related Concept Videos

Pipe Flowrate Measurement01:28

Pipe Flowrate Measurement

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In pipe flow measurement, orifice, nozzle, and Venturi meters are commonly used to determine fluid flowrates by constricting the flow area, which increases fluid velocity and reduces pressure. This pressure difference, governed by Bernoulli's principle and adjusted for real-world conditions, is essential for calculating flowrate. Each meter type is suited to specific applications based on accuracy, efficiency, and compatibility with various flow conditions.
The orifice meter is a simple,...
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Pipe Flowrate Measurement: Problem Solving01:28

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A spray tank system is engineered to uniformly distribute a pest-control liquid across plants by using a pressurized mechanism. The tank, pressurized to 150 kPa, holds the pesticide at a height of 0.80 meters. Liquid flows from the tank through a 1.9 meter pipe with a diameter of 0.015 meters, angled at 0.698 radians, ultimately reaching a 0.007 meter nozzle that sprays the pesticide. Accurate calculation of the system's flow rate is crucial to ensure uniform application, and this is...
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Measurement of Fluid Pressure01:16

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Fluid pressure is commonly measured using devices called manometers, which rely on liquid columns to indicate pressure differences. The height of a liquid column in a manometer reflects the pressure exerted by the fluid, providing a simple yet effective means of measurement. Different types of manometers serve specific purposes based on their configurations and the type of fluids involved.
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In pipe flow analysis, problems are typically categorized into three types — Type I, Type II, and Type III — based on the known parameters and the desired outcome. Each type of problem addresses specific engineering requirements using fluid properties, pipe characteristics, and operational conditions.
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When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

High-precision Electromagnetic Flowmeter with Empty Pipe Detection via Complex Programmable Logic Device-based Waveform Recognition
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Measurement of Pipe and Fluid Properties With a Matrix Array-Based Ultrasonic Clamp-On Flow Meter.

Jack Massaad, Paul L M J van Neer, Douwe M van Willigen

    IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
    |September 10, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces an advanced ultrasonic clamp-on flow meter with matrix arrays. It automatically measures pipe and liquid properties, improving accuracy and simplifying setup for flow measurement.

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    Area of Science:

    • Acoustics
    • Non-invasive sensing
    • Materials science

    Background:

    • Traditional ultrasonic clamp-on flow meters require manual, precise transducer positioning.
    • Accurate positioning is hindered by unknown or uncertain pipe and fluid properties (sound speed, thickness, diameter).
    • Parameter uncertainties limit the final accuracy of flow measurements in conventional systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an ultrasonic clamp-on flow meter using matrix arrays for automatic measurement of pipe and liquid parameters.
    • To enable self-calibration and compensation for pipe imperfections.
    • To overcome limitations of manual setup and improve flow measurement accuracy.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing two matrix arrays for ultrasonic measurements.
    • Exciting and analyzing axial Lamb waves to determine pipe wall thickness and bulk sound speed via dispersion curve fitting.
    • Exciting and analyzing circumferential Lamb waves to measure pipe diameter.
    • Employing pulse-echo measurements to determine the liquid's sound speed.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated effectiveness of axial and circumferential Lamb wave methods for parameter extraction in stainless steel and aluminum pipes (simulated and measured data).
    • Validated the feasibility of pulse-echo measurements for liquid sound speed determination (simulated data).
    • Developed a system capable of automatic parameter extraction without prior information or fluid submersion.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed matrix array ultrasonic flow meter enables self-measurement of essential parameters.
    • Automatic parameter extraction and beam-steering capabilities compensate for pipe imperfections and improve accuracy.
    • This approach offers a more robust and user-friendly solution for non-invasive flow measurement.