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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

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High-performance, compact optical standard.

Zachary L Newman, Vincent Maurice, Connor Fredrick

|September 15, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a compact optical frequency standard using a microfabricated rubidium (Rb) vapor cell and a diode laser. This device achieves high instability, making it suitable for precise measurements and compact atomic clocks.

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Area of Science:

Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
Metrology and Measurement Science

Background:

Optical frequency standards are crucial for precise timekeeping and fundamental constant measurements.
Existing standards can be bulky or complex, limiting their widespread application.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a high-performance, compact optical frequency standard.
To leverage rubidium vapor cells and diode laser technology for enhanced stability and portability.

Main Methods:

Utilized a microfabricated rubidium vapor cell.
Employed a low-noise, external cavity diode laser.
Operated on the 778 nm two-photon transition of rubidium.

Main Results:

Achieved an instability of 1.8×10^-13τ^-1/2 for short integration times.
Demonstrated a flicker noise floor of 1×10^-14 at longer integration times (up to 6000 s).
Measured retrace stability of 5.7×10^-13 after 30 hours of dormancy.

Conclusions:

The developed optical standard offers high performance in a compact form factor.
Potential applications include accurate realization of the meter and compact atomic clocks.
Further improvements can be made by addressing probe power variations and ac Stark shifts.