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Facilitated magnesium atom adsorption and surface diffusion kinetics via artificial bismuth-based interphases.

Honghao Chu1, Zhonghua Zhang1, Zihao Song1

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Robust bismuth interphases were created to improve magnesium battery performance. These interphases significantly reduce the energy required for magnesium nucleation and growth, paving the way for efficient magnesium batteries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Magnesium batteries are a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to magnesium's high volumetric capacity and abundance.
  • Developing stable and efficient interfaces is crucial for overcoming challenges in magnesium battery technology, such as dendrite formation and sluggish kinetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer robust bismuth-based interphases for enhanced magnesium deposition and stripping.
  • To investigate the role of these interphases in facilitating magnesium ion adsorption and migration.
  • To quantify the reduction in electrochemical energy penalty during magnesium nucleation and growth.

Main Methods:

  • Galvanic replacement reactions were employed to synthesize bismuth and bismuth oxide interphases.
  • Electrochemical techniques were used to evaluate the performance of the interphases in a magnesium battery system.
  • Surface characterization methods were utilized to analyze the composition and structure of the interphases.

Main Results:

  • Robust bismuth-based interphases were successfully fabricated.
  • The interphases demonstrated facilitated magnesium atom adsorption and distinct interfacial magnesium atom migration.
  • A significant reduction in the electrochemical energy penalty was observed: 23 mV for nucleation and 69 mV for growth at 1.0 mA cm-2.

Conclusions:

  • Bismuth-based interphases effectively lower the energy barriers for magnesium deposition and stripping.
  • The engineered interphases promote reversible magnesium plating/stripping, crucial for practical magnesium battery applications.
  • This work offers a viable strategy for developing advanced interphases to enable high-performance magnesium batteries.