Spanish normative studies (NEURONORMA-Plus project): norms for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Modified Taylor
C Pérez-Enríquez1, G García-Escobar2, M Florido-Santiago3
1Grupo de neurofuncionalidad y lenguaje, Programa de neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, España; Unidad de Epilepsia, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, España.
Neurologia
|September 24, 2021
Summary
This study provides normative data for cognitive tests, including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Modified Taylor Complex Figure (MTCF), and Ruff-Light Trail Learning Test (RULIT). Age, education, and sex adjustments are offered for the Spanish population.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychology
- Cognitive Assessment
Background:
- Cognitive assessment tools require up-to-date normative data for accurate clinical interpretation.
- The NEURONORMA-Plus project aims to establish comprehensive normative data for neuropsychological tests.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide age-, education-, and sex-adjusted normative data for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Modified Taylor Complex Figure (MTCF), and Ruff-Light Trail Learning Test (RULIT).
- To facilitate the clinical interpretation of these cognitive tests within the Spanish population.
Main Methods:
- Recruited 308 healthy Spanish individuals aged 18-92 years.
- Developed regression models to adjust raw scores for age, education, and sex in two age groups (<50 and ≥50 years).
Main Results:
- Older age negatively impacted performance across all tests.
- Education positively influenced WCST and MTCF performance in specific age groups.
- Sex showed a small but significant effect on RULIT performance in younger men.
Conclusions:
- The generated normative data are crucial for the accurate clinical interpretation of WCST, MTCF, and RULIT performance in the Spanish population.
- These adjusted norms enhance the diagnostic utility of these widely used cognitive assessments.
Keywords:
Aprendizaje y memoriaExecutive functionsFunciones ejecutivasLearning and memoryNormas/Estudios normativosNorms/Normative studies
