Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

654
The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
654
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

1.3K
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
1.3K
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

662
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
662
Role of Amygdala in Memory01:16

Role of Amygdala in Memory

504
The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure responsible for processing and storing memories, particularly those linked to emotions like fear and stress. It plays an essential role in the brain's response to emotionally significant events and often enhances memory formation by triggering stress hormone release. The amygdala is vital for encoding and retrieving memories associated with fear or stress, a process that is adaptive by helping organisms avoid dangerous situations.
One of the...
504
Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory01:23

Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory

1.5K
Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
 Glutamate and Synaptic Plasticity
Glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, is...
1.5K
Storage01:23

Storage

159
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
159

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Stress disrupts hippocampal integration of overlapping events and memory inference in humans.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Direct electrical stimulation of the human amygdala enhances recognition memory for objects but not scenes.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Hippocampal representations of temporal structure increase in scale and symmetry across development.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Novelty, Ecological Relevance, and Sexual Receptivity Modulate Neuronal Interactions between the Amygdala and Hippocampus.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Mind's eye: Saccade-related evoked potentials support visual encoding in humans.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025
Same author

Direct electrical stimulation of the human amygdala enhances recognition memory for objects but not scenes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same journal

Segmentation of the parasagittal dura mater on multi-center 3D-FLAIR MRI.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Spatial frequency channels implement a mental ruler in spatial vision.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Exploring the Link Between Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Measured Brain Diffusivity During Wakefulness and Sleep Macrostructure in the Elderly.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Closed-loop adaptation of transcranial magnetic stimulation intensity with electroencephalography feedback.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Volumetric postmortem MRI of the medial temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: methodological advances and implications for in vivo biomarker development.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Neural responses to equity and inequity when receiving vicarious rewards for self and charity during adolescence.

NeuroImage·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement
10:37

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

14.7K

Delta-modulated cortical alpha oscillations support new knowledge generation through memory integration.

Nicole L Varga1, Joseph R Manns2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

Neuroimage
|September 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Generating new knowledge relies on integrating information. This study found that brain wave coherence, specifically alpha coherence, supports linking new facts with existing knowledge for better learning and memory integration.

Keywords:
Cross-frequency couplingEpisodic memoryKnowledge representationPrefrontal cortexReactivationSemantic memory

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice
07:03

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice

Published on: July 31, 2019

6.9K
Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice
07:33

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

11.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement
10:37

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

14.7K
Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice
07:03

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice

Published on: July 31, 2019

6.9K
Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice
07:33

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

11.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Knowledge generation requires integrating separate information into coherent structures.
  • Past research indicates adults form relational memories supporting inference, but neural mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Neuronal ensembles are thought to link memories, but the process of forming these linkages is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of oscillatory coherence in the self-derivation of new, integrated knowledge.
  • To explore how linking discrete neuronal ensembles supports the integration of new and existing information.
  • To understand the neural mechanisms underlying the formation of integrated knowledge structures.

Main Methods:

  • Examined cortical alpha coherence during the encoding of new facts.
  • Compared coherence for facts that could be integrated versus unrelated facts.
  • Analyzed cross-frequency coupling (delta phase and alpha amplitude) in high-performing participants.

Main Results:

  • Cortical alpha coherence was higher when encoding integrable facts compared to unrelated facts.
  • This effect was particularly pronounced in individuals demonstrating superior knowledge integration.
  • High performers showed posterior alpha amplitude modulated by delta phase, suggesting coordinated neural activity.

Conclusions:

  • Oscillatory dynamics, including alpha coherence and cross-frequency coupling, are crucial for encoding new knowledge in relation to reactivated prior knowledge.
  • These neural mechanisms facilitate the linking of related memories into integrated knowledge structures.
  • The findings reveal fundamental brain processes underlying memory integration and knowledge generation.