Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The Ketogenic Diet Fails to Mitigate Seizures and Neuroinflammatory Responses in a Mouse Model of Virus-Induced Epilepsy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Investigating the Role of Cortical Microglia in a Mouse Model of Viral Infection-Induced Seizures.

eNeuro·2026

Same author

Exacerbation of bullous systemic lupus erythematosus with erythema gyratum repens-like pattern following dupilumab.

JAAD case reports·2025

Same author

Biologic therapies for dermatologic emergencies: A comprehensive review.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·2025

Same author

Investigating the role of cortical microglia in a mouse model of viral infection-induced seizures.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

Evaluation and Treatment of Elevated Bile Acids in Chronic Pruritus of the Elderly: A Case Series.

International journal of dermatology·2025

Same journal

TLR7/8 agonist 3M-052 formulated in micelles induces local type I IFN response and antiviral immunity in zebrafish larvae.

Frontiers in immunology·2026

Same journal

HLA-DRB1*15:01 drives sex- and age-dependent microglial immune phenotypes and neuroimmune signaling.

Frontiers in immunology·2026

Same journal

Gut microbiota transfer from autoimmune dry eye mice imprints stereotypic B cell receptor repertoires in the lacrimal gland and induces disease.

Frontiers in immunology·2026

Same journal

Exosomal microRNAs in colorectal cancer communication networks: implications for metastasis, therapy resistance, and precision medicine.

Frontiers in immunology·2026

Same journal

TMEM160 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion, and immune evasion by regulating the VEGFA/PI3K/AKT signaling axis.

Frontiers in immunology·2026

Same journal

Nurr1 deficiency orchestrates a coupled liver-gut pathological axis revealed by multi-omics and deep-learning histopathology.

Frontiers in immunology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Rapid and Refined CD11b Magnetic Isolation of Primary Microglia with Enhanced Purity and Versatility

Rapid and Refined CD11b Magnetic Isolation of Primary Microglia with Enhanced Purity and Versatility

Published on: April 13, 2017

The CSF1R-Microglia Axis Has Protective Host-Specific Roles During Neurotropic Picornavirus Infection.

John Michael S Sanchez¹, Ana Beatriz DePaula-Silva¹, Daniel J Doty¹

¹Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology

|September 27, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Microglia depletion via CSF1R inhibition causes fatal encephalitis in one mouse strain but worsens demyelination in another, revealing strain-specific roles in viral brain infections.

Keywords:

T cell Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus demyelination innate immunity microglia multiple sclerosis picornavirus virology

More Related Videos

Characterization and Isolation of Mouse Primary Microglia by Density Gradient Centrifugation

Characterization and Isolation of Mouse Primary Microglia by Density Gradient Centrifugation

Published on: February 16, 2018

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Rapid and Refined CD11b Magnetic Isolation of Primary Microglia with Enhanced Purity and Versatility

Rapid and Refined CD11b Magnetic Isolation of Primary Microglia with Enhanced Purity and Versatility

Published on: April 13, 2017

Characterization and Isolation of Mouse Primary Microglia by Density Gradient Centrifugation

Characterization and Isolation of Mouse Primary Microglia by Density Gradient Centrifugation

Published on: February 16, 2018

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Virology
Cellular Biology

Background:

Viral encephalitis presents varied outcomes, with microglia's role in antiviral responses unclear.
Microglia, CNS-resident antigen-presenting cells, are crucial for detecting viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the CSF1R-microglia axis's role in neurotropic picornavirus infection.
Determine strain-specific differences in microglial responses to viral insults.

Main Methods:

Used Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) and CSF1R inhibitor PLX5622 in C57BL/6J and SJL/J mice.
Analyzed viral clearance, neurological disease, and immune cell profiles (microglia, T cells).

Main Results:

CSF1R inhibition caused fatal encephalitis in C57BL/6J mice, reducing microglial MHC-II and increasing T cell inflammation.
In SJL/J mice, CSF1R inhibition exacerbated demyelination, with altered T cell responses and broad immunosuppression upon chronic inhibition.
Demonstrated strain-specific microglial antigen presentation and T cell crosstalk impacting viral susceptibility.

Conclusions:

The CSF1R-microglia axis plays a critical, strain-dependent role in neurotropic viral encephalitis.
Microglial function and T cell interactions significantly influence disease outcomes in viral CNS infections.