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Head Trauma not Associated with Long Term Effects on Autonomic Function.

Carley A Shannon1, Kimberli L Pike2, Sydney R Dejonge1

  • 1Integrative Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA.

International Journal of Exercise Science
|September 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Contact sports can cause concussions and repetitive head trauma, potentially affecting autonomic function. This study found no significant lasting autonomic deficits in individuals with a history of concussion or repetitive head trauma.

Keywords:
Mild traumatic brain injuryathletesautonomic nervous systemdysautonomia

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Concussions from contact sports can impact autonomic nervous system function.
  • Repetitive head trauma (RHT) in contact sports is a concern, but its effects on autonomic function are not well-assessed.
  • Autonomic dysfunction, or dysautonomia, can manifest in various ways and impact overall health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in autonomic function between healthy individuals, those with a history of concussion, and those with repetitive head trauma from contact sports.
  • To determine if long-lasting autonomic nervous system deficits exist following concussion diagnosis.
  • To assess autonomic responses to physiological stress in contact sport athletes.

Main Methods:

  • Forty participants were categorized into three groups: control (non-contact sport), repetitive head trauma (RHT), and previous concussion (CONC).
  • Autonomic function was evaluated using heart rate, blood pressure, and cerebral artery blood flow velocity (CBFv) during deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver, and head-up tilt tests.
  • Body composition and cardiovascular fitness (YMCA submaximal cycle test) were also assessed.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were observed in respiratory sinus arrhythmia, Valsalva ratio, CBFv, or tilt test duration among the three groups.
  • Individuals with a previous concussion (CONC) exhibited a significantly higher mean systolic blood pressure during the tilt test compared to the control group.
  • No significant autonomic function deficits were found in either the concussion or RHT groups compared to controls, suggesting no widespread dysautonomia.

Conclusions:

  • Concussions and repetitive head trauma from contact sports do not appear to cause lasting autonomic nervous system deficits.
  • The study suggests that dysautonomia is not prevalent in individuals recovering from concussion or those with a history of RHT.
  • Future research should consider sex as a variable in studies examining autonomic function after head trauma.