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Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
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Consideration for Affects of an XOR in a Random Number Generator Using Ring Oscillators.

Ryoichi Sato1, Yuta Kodera1, Md Arshad Ali2

  • 1Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study enhances physical random number generators using field-programmable gate arrays and XOR gates. Combining ring oscillators with XOR gates increases output complexity and ensures even state transitions for true random number generation.

Keywords:
XOR gateentropyfield programmable gate arrayperiodring oscillatorstate transitionstomatic processtrue random number generator

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Area of Science:

  • Hardware Security
  • Cryptography
  • Digital Systems Engineering

Background:

  • True random number generators (TRNGs) are crucial for security applications.
  • Physical TRNGs leverage unpredictable physical phenomena for entropy.
  • Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) offer a flexible platform for implementing TRNGs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of XOR gates on ring oscillator-based TRNGs implemented on FPGAs.
  • To analyze the relationship between input signals and output characteristics via XOR gates.
  • To enhance the randomness and complexity of generated random numbers.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of ring oscillator circuits on an FPGA.
  • Integration of XOR gates within the oscillation circuits.
  • Observation and analysis of output signal periods and state transitions.
  • Conducting two distinct experimental setups to validate findings.

Main Results:

  • Combining two ring oscillators with an XOR gate demonstrably increases the complexity of the output cycle.
  • Verification using state transition analysis confirmed an even probability distribution of transitions.
  • The number of integrated ring oscillator circuits positively correlates with improved randomness.

Conclusions:

  • XOR gates are effective in enhancing the complexity and randomness of FPGA-based ring oscillator TRNGs.
  • The proposed design offers a robust method for generating high-quality true random numbers.
  • This research contributes to the development of secure and reliable entropy sources for cryptographic applications.