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Consideration for Affects of an XOR in a Random Number Generator Using Ring Oscillators
Ryoichi Sato1, Yuta Kodera1, Md Arshad Ali2
1Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2021
Summary
This study enhances physical random number generators using field-programmable gate arrays and XOR gates. Combining ring oscillators with XOR gates increases output complexity and ensures even state transitions for true random number generation.
Area of Science:
- Hardware Security
- Cryptography
- Digital Systems Engineering
Background:
- True random number generators (TRNGs) are crucial for security applications.
- Physical TRNGs leverage unpredictable physical phenomena for entropy.
- Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) offer a flexible platform for implementing TRNGs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of XOR gates on ring oscillator-based TRNGs implemented on FPGAs.
- To analyze the relationship between input signals and output characteristics via XOR gates.
- To enhance the randomness and complexity of generated random numbers.
Main Methods:
- Implementation of ring oscillator circuits on an FPGA.
- Integration of XOR gates within the oscillation circuits.
- Observation and analysis of output signal periods and state transitions.
- Conducting two distinct experimental setups to validate findings.
Main Results:
- Combining two ring oscillators with an XOR gate demonstrably increases the complexity of the output cycle.
- Verification using state transition analysis confirmed an even probability distribution of transitions.
- The number of integrated ring oscillator circuits positively correlates with improved randomness.
Conclusions:
- XOR gates are effective in enhancing the complexity and randomness of FPGA-based ring oscillator TRNGs.
- The proposed design offers a robust method for generating high-quality true random numbers.
- This research contributes to the development of secure and reliable entropy sources for cryptographic applications.
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