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Focality-Oriented Selection of Current Dose for Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation.

Rajan Kashyap1, Sagarika Bhattacharjee2, Ramaswamy Arumugam1,3

  • 1School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.

Journal of Personalized Medicine
|September 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new index, the dose-target determination index (DTDI), helps optimize transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) focality. Personalized tDCS current doses, considering age and sex, improve stimulation targeting for better outcomes.

Keywords:
age and sex differencecurrent doseindividualized tDCSrealistic volumetric approach-based simulator for transcranial electric stimulation (ROAST)systematic approach for tDCS analysis (SATA)transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) involves current distribution across brain regions, posing challenges in targeting specific areas.
  • Optimizing tDCS focality, or minimizing current in non-target regions, is crucial for effective stimulation.
  • Individualized current dosing for tDCS remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a novel dose-target determination index (DTDI) to quantify tDCS focality.
  • Examine the relationship between tDCS current dose and focality across different age and sex populations.
  • Provide a tool for optimizing tDCS current delivery for individual patients.

Main Methods:

  • Extended the i-SATA toolbox to MNI space for simulating tDCS montages and computing current density.
  • Defined DTDI as the ratio of current density in the target region to the peak current density region.
  • Analyzed DTDI variations across 45 individuals (young, mid, older adults) using T1-weighted MRI data for a frontal tDCS montage at 1-3 mA doses.

Main Results:

  • DTDI variations (increase, decrease, or no change) were observed with increasing current dose, influenced by linear/nonlinear current distribution.
  • Nonlinearity in current distribution predominantly affected older adults, leading to decreased focality, particularly in males.
  • Higher tDCS current doses were found to enhance focality in older individuals.

Conclusions:

  • DTDI effectively quantifies tDCS focality and guides optimal current dose selection.
  • Individualized tDCS protocols should consider age (especially >40 years) and sex (particularly males) for optimized focality.
  • The i-SATA(MNI) toolbox is available for researchers to improve tDCS targeting.