Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Network Function of a Circuit01:25

Network Function of a Circuit

431
Frequency response analysis in electrical circuits provides vital insights into a circuit's behavior as the frequency of the input signal changes. The transfer function, a mathematical tool, is instrumental in understanding this behavior. It defines the relationship between phasor output and input and comes in four types: voltage gain, current gain, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance. The critical components of the transfer function are the poles and zeros.
431
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

622
Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
622
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

164
Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any...
164
Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

4.1K
Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:
4.1K
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

12.8K
Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
12.8K
Maximum Power Transfer01:16

Maximum Power Transfer

500
Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...
500

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Deep Learning for Image Watermarking: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis of Techniques, Challenges, and Applications.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Outdoor Microphone Range Tests and Spectral Analysis of UAV Acoustic Signatures for Array Development.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Mutual Effects of Face-Swap Deepfakes and Digital Watermarking-A Region-Aware Study.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Optimization of Imaging Reconnaissance Systems Using Super-Resolution: Efficiency Analysis in Interference Conditions.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

High-Accuracy Calibration Method of a Thermal Camera Using Two Reference Blackbodies.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

A Survey of Sound Source Localization and Detection Methods and Their Applications.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements
09:36

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements

Published on: June 25, 2021

3.3K

StegoFrameOrder-MAC Layer Covert Network Channel for Wireless IEEE 802.11 Networks.

Krzysztof Sawicki1, Grzegorz Bieszczad1, Zbigniew Piotrowski2

  • 1Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The StegoFrameOrder (SFO) method hides data in wireless networks by manipulating frame order. This covert channel exploits IEEE 802.11 networks for undetectable information leakage.

Keywords:
covert channelnetwork securityprotocol-trojansteganographywireless networks

More Related Videos

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
07:45

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

11.0K
Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization
07:49

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization

Published on: November 26, 2019

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements
09:36

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements

Published on: June 25, 2021

3.3K
Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
07:45

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

11.0K
Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization
07:49

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization

Published on: November 26, 2019

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Cybersecurity
  • Network Security

Background:

  • Wireless networks, particularly IEEE 802.11, are vulnerable to covert data transmission.
  • Non-deterministic medium access algorithms offer potential avenues for covert channels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the StegoFrameOrder (SFO) method for covert data transmission in wireless networks.
  • To demonstrate a novel covert channel exploiting frame ordering in IEEE 802.11 networks.

Main Methods:

  • Embedding hidden data bits within the relative order of transmitted frames.
  • Utilizing the distributed coordination function (DCF) in IEEE 802.11 networks.
  • Implementing and testing the SFO method in a real-world environment.

Main Results:

  • The SFO method successfully embeds covert information by manipulating frame transmission order.
  • The covert channel is difficult to detect, posing a risk for sensitive data exfiltration.
  • Experimental validation in a real-world scenario confirms the method's feasibility.

Conclusions:

  • The StegoFrameOrder method provides a viable and stealthy approach for covert data exfiltration in wireless networks.
  • Exploiting frame order in IEEE 802.11 networks presents a significant security challenge.
  • Further research into detection and mitigation strategies for such covert channels is warranted.