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Nuts: Natural Pleiotropic Nutraceuticals.

Emilio Ros1,2, Annapoorna Singh3, James H O'Keefe3

  • 1Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.

Nutrients
|September 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regular consumption of nuts, including tree nuts and peanuts, offers significant cardiovascular benefits and may reduce cancer and all-cause mortality. Despite being energy-dense, nuts do not cause obesity and can aid in weight management.

Keywords:
PREDIMEDblood lipidsbody weightcancercardiovascular riskcognitive functionfatty acidshypertensioninflammationmortalitypeanutsprospective studiesrandomized clinical trialstree nutstype-2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Nuts are nutrient-rich foods containing healthy fats, protein, fiber, and antioxidants.
  • These components synergistically benefit metabolic and vascular health, improving cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Emerging evidence suggests nuts positively impact other health outcomes, including cancer and cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the beneficial effects of nut consumption on various health outcomes.
  • To highlight the role of nuts in cardiovascular disease prevention and management.
  • To examine the impact of nuts on mortality, cancer, cognitive function, and weight.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence from observational studies and randomized controlled trials.
  • Analysis of nut components and their physiological effects.
  • Focus on studies examining tree nuts and peanuts, excluding peanut butter.

Main Results:

  • Nut consumption is linked to lower cardiovascular events, cancer incidence, and all-cause mortality.
  • Randomized trials show nuts effectively lower cholesterol and improve glycemic control, blood pressure, and endothelial function.
  • Despite being energy-dense, nuts do not promote obesity and may assist in weight loss.

Conclusions:

  • Nuts are natural nutraceuticals with pleiotropic health benefits.
  • Regular intake of 30g/day of nuts, as part of a Mediterranean diet, significantly reduces major adverse cardiovascular events and stroke risk.
  • Tree nuts and peanuts, but not peanut butter, demonstrate similar positive health impacts.