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Quarrying is the process of extracting stone from a quarry, where specialized techniques are employed to remove large blocks of stone safely and efficiently. This process can involve controlled explosions or more precision-oriented methods such as cutting and drilling.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Stress Distribution During Cold Compression of Rocks and Mineral Aggregates Using Synchrotron-based X-Ray Diffraction
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A Restless Stone.

Chi-Heng Lee1, Shu-Chuan Chen2, Hsien-Lin Chen2

  • 1Chi Mei Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Tainan Taiwan.

Journal of Acute Medicine
|October 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Gallstone ileus, a rare cause of bowel obstruction, often affects elderly patients. Surgical intervention aims to relieve obstruction and repair the biliary-enteric fistula.

Keywords:
biliary-enteric fistulacholecystitisenterolithotomgallstone ileus

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Gallstone ileus is an uncommon cause of mechanical small bowel obstruction.
  • It typically affects elderly individuals with comorbidities, leading to a high mortality rate.

Observation:

  • Gallstone migration to the small bowel usually occurs via a biliary-enteric fistula, a rare complication of chronic cholecystitis.
  • Symptoms include diffuse abdominal pain and vomiting, particularly when the stone obstructs the distal small bowel.

Findings:

  • Gallstone ileus necessitates surgical management.

Implications:

  • Surgical goals include resolving the bowel obstruction and closing the biliary-enteric fistula.
  • Prompt surgical intervention is crucial for improving patient outcomes in gallstone ileus cases.