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Related Concept Videos

Peptic Ulcer Disease V: Surgical Management and Nursing Care01:25

Peptic Ulcer Disease V: Surgical Management and Nursing Care

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Surgical management and nursing care are crucial in treating Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD). Here is an organized and enhanced overview of the surgical interventions and the associated nursing care for PUD:
Surgical Interventions for Peptic Ulcer Disease
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

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Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
Few clinical manifestations differentiate gastric ulcers from duodenal ulcers. Distinctions in the location, timing, and pain relief are crucial for healthcare providers in differentiating between gastric and duodenal ulcers during clinical assessments.
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis.

Barrie S Rich1, Stephen E Dolgin1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY.

Pediatrics in Review
|October 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) in infants causes projectile vomiting and can lead to metabolic alkalosis. Early diagnosis via ultrasound and surgical pyloromyotomy are key for safe, effective treatment with no long-term issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is a frequent neonatal condition.
  • It presents with nonbilious projectile emesis, potentially causing metabolic alkalosis.
  • Differentiating HPS from self-limited conditions like reflux is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis of HPS.
  • To outline the management and treatment of HPS.
  • To emphasize the safety and efficacy of surgical intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation of HPS.
  • Importance of ultrasonography for diagnosis.
  • Preoperative management including hydration and electrolyte normalization.
  • Surgical intervention via laparoscopic pyloromyotomy.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasonography aids in timely HPS diagnosis, preventing delays.
  • Preoperative optimization is essential before anesthesia.
  • Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy is a safe and effective treatment.
  • Postoperative emesis is expected and usually resolves.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and surgical treatment of HPS are critical.
  • Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy offers excellent outcomes.
  • Patients typically experience no long-term physiological impairment after surgery.