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Autonomous Collision Avoidance at Sea: A Survey.

Hans-Christoph Burmeister¹, Manfred Constapel¹

¹Fraunhofer Center for Maritime Logistics and Services, Hamburg, Germany.

Frontiers in Robotics and AI

|October 4, 2021

Summary

This survey reviews Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Data Science methods for collision avoidance and path planning in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships. It assesses their compliance with International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) for industrial use.

Keywords:

COLREGs autonomous decision-making autonomous navigation autonomous surface vehicles(ASV)collision avoidance(CA)maritime autonomous surface ship (MASS)

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Area of Science:

Maritime Technology
Artificial Intelligence
Autonomous Systems

Background:

Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) require advanced collision avoidance and path planning.
Ensuring MASS compliance with International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) is crucial for safe integration.
Existing research presents diverse AI, ML, and Data Science approaches for these challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of recent collision avoidance and path planning methods for MASS.
To investigate AI, Machine Learning, and Data Science techniques in this domain.
To analyze how these methods address COLREGs compliance.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of recent research on maritime collision avoidance and path planning.
Analysis of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Data Science approaches.
Evaluation of COLREGs compliance within the surveyed methods.

Main Results:

Identified various AI, ML, and Data Science methods for MASS navigation.
Summarized key aspects and perspectives of these techniques.
Assessed the extent to which current methods incorporate COLREGs.

Conclusions:

The survey provides a consolidated view of current collision avoidance and path planning technologies for MASS.
Understanding COLREGs adherence is vital for the industrial implementation of autonomous maritime systems.
Further research may be needed to ensure full industrial applicability and regulatory compliance.