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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

A Non-invasive Way to Isolate and Phenotype Cells from the Conjunctiva
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Vernal keratoconjunctivitis activity induces decrease of ocular surface CD14, TLR-4 and TLR-9 expression.

Marta Sacchetti1, Marcella Nebbioso1, Marco Segatto2

  • 1Department of Sense Organs, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.

European Journal of Ophthalmology
|October 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Soluble CD14 (sCD14) and conjunctival CD14, TLR-4, and TLR-9 levels decrease in active vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). These markers correlate with VKC severity, suggesting potential as biomarkers.

Keywords:
AllergyCD14innate immunitytoll-like receptorsvernal keratoconjunctivitis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research

Background:

  • CD14 modulates immune responses via Toll-like receptors (TLRs), influencing allergic disease development.
  • The specific role of CD14 in vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) has not been previously investigated.
  • Understanding CD14's involvement is crucial for allergic eye disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in tear soluble CD14 (sCD14) and conjunctival CD14, TLR-4, and TLR-9 expression in VKC patients.
  • To compare these expressions during active and quiescent phases of VKC.
  • To explore the correlation between these markers and VKC clinical signs.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 18 VKC patients (active, quiescent, recovered phases) and 10 healthy controls.
  • Tear sCD14 levels were measured.
  • Conjunctival expression of CD14, TLR-4, and TLR-9 was assessed using Western Blot.

Main Results:

  • Significantly decreased expression of tear sCD14 and conjunctival CD14, TLR-4, and TLR-9 was observed in active VKC compared to controls and quiescent VKC.
  • Lower levels of sCD14, CD14, TLR-4, and TLR-9 correlated with increased papillary reaction severity.
  • Reduced tear sCD14 levels were also correlated with conjunctival hyperemia severity.

Conclusions:

  • Tear sCD14 and conjunctival CD14, TLR-4, and TLR-9 expression diminish during active ocular surface inflammation in VKC.
  • These molecules may serve as valuable biomarkers for VKC activity.
  • CD14 and TLRs on the ocular surface represent potential novel therapeutic targets for VKC.