Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving

Mechanistic models play a crucial role in algorithms for numerical problem-solving, particularly in nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NMEM). These models aim to minimize specific objective functions by evaluating various parameter estimates, leading to the development of systematic algorithms. In some cases, linearization techniques approximate the model using linear equations.
In individual population analyses, different algorithms are employed, such as Cauchy's method, which uses a...

Ligand Binding and Linkage

Ligand Binding and Linkage

Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked. In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence...

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.

First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium

First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium

Recall that a particle in equilibrium is one for which the external forces are balanced. Static equilibrium involves objects at rest, and dynamic equilibrium involves objects in motion without acceleration; but it is important to remember that these conditions are relative. For instance, an object may be at rest when viewed from one frame of reference, but that same object would appear to be in motion when viewed by someone moving at a constant velocity.
Newton's first law tells us about...

The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength

The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength

Conserved Binding Sites

Conserved Binding Sites

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Computation of the smooth max-mutual information via semidefinite programming.

Quantum information processing·2026

Same author

Local Invariance of Divergence-Based Quantum Information Measures.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

A mirrored pair of optimal non-decomposable entanglement witnesses for two qudits does exist.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Realistic total-body J-PET geometry optimization: Monte Carlo study.

Medical physics·2025

Same author

Discrete symmetries tested at 10<sup>-4</sup> precision using linear polarization of photons from positronium annihilations.

Nature communications·2024

Same author

Transformation of PET raw data into images for event classification using convolutional neural networks.

Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Molecular Entanglement and Electrospinnability of Biopolymers

Molecular Entanglement and Electrospinnability of Biopolymers

Published on: September 3, 2014

Free versus bound entanglement, a NP-hard problem tackled by machine learning.

Beatrix C Hiesmayr¹

¹University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Währingerstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria. Beatrix.Hiesmayr@univie.ac.at.

Scientific Reports

|October 6, 2021

Summary

Bound entanglement, a complex quantum state, is not rare in high-dimensional systems. Researchers discovered a significant two-dimensional structure within these states, paving the way for better characterization and understanding.

More Related Videos

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers

Published on: October 25, 2017

Author Spotlight: A Computational Approach to Decipher Amino Acid Preferences in Multispecific Protein-Protein Interactions

Author Spotlight: A Computational Approach to Decipher Amino Acid Preferences in Multispecific Protein-Protein Interactions

Published on: January 26, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Molecular Entanglement and Electrospinnability of Biopolymers

Molecular Entanglement and Electrospinnability of Biopolymers

Published on: September 3, 2014

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers

Published on: October 25, 2017

Author Spotlight: A Computational Approach to Decipher Amino Acid Preferences in Multispecific Protein-Protein Interactions

Author Spotlight: A Computational Approach to Decipher Amino Acid Preferences in Multispecific Protein-Protein Interactions

Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

Quantum Information Theory
Quantum Computing
High-Dimensional Quantum Systems

Background:

Detecting entanglement in high-dimensional quantum systems is computationally challenging (NP-hard).
The Peres-Horodecki criterion (PPT-criterion) efficiently detects free entanglement but struggles with bound entanglement.
Bound entangled states cannot be distilled into maximally entangled states, and their prevalence is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence and structure of bound entangled states in high-dimensional bipartite systems.
To explore efficient methods for detecting and characterizing bound entanglement.
To understand the implications of bound entanglement's existence in quantum mechanics.

Main Methods:

Definition of a large family of "magically symmetric" states for bipartite qutrits.
Application of the PPT-criterion to classify states as free entangled or separable.
Utilized machine learning algorithms and dimension reduction techniques to analyze remaining states.

Main Results:

A significant fraction ([Formula: see text]) of the studied states were identified as bound entangled, challenging the notion of their rarity.
Machine learning confirmed that a majority of the remaining states are likely separable.
A strong two-dimensional linear sub-structure was discovered within the set of bound entangled states.

Conclusions:

Bound entanglement is not a rare phenomenon in high-dimensional quantum systems.
The identified two-dimensional structure offers a novel pathway for finding and characterizing bound entanglement.
This discovery contributes to solving the fundamental question of bound entanglement's role and implications in quantum mechanics.