The CRISPR-Cas toolbox for analytical and diagnostic assay development.

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Biotechnology
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• CRISPR-Cas systems are revolutionizing biological and biomedical sciences.
• These systems are highly effective for nucleic acid recognition and manipulation.
• CRISPR-Cas tools are increasingly used in analytical and diagnostic assay development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances and design principles of CRISPR-mediated analytical tools.
• To emphasize the roles of CRISPR-Cas machineries as molecular binders and scissors.
• To discuss engineering approaches for modifying CRISPR-Cas systems and readout platforms.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent literature on CRISPR-Cas applications in analytical assays.
• Analysis of design principles for CRISPR-mediated detection and manipulation.
• Illustration of biochemical and analytical processes involved in CRISPR assays.

Main Results:

• CRISPR-Cas assays have established critical roles in clinical diagnostics, biosensing, and bioimaging.
• Engineering approaches enhance assay sensitivity, specificity, multiplexity, and clinical outcomes.
• CRISPR-Cas systems function as efficient binders and molecular scissors for nucleic acids.

Conclusions:

• CRISPR-Cas toolbox offers significant potential for detecting, quantifying, and imaging molecules.
• Advances in CRISPR technology can address real-world challenges, including pandemics like COVID-19.
• This review guides the optimal use of CRISPR-Cas systems and inspires future technological innovation.