Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Design Example01:23

Design Example

400
The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
400

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CAOS line camera.

Applied optics·2019
Same author

Optics in Ireland: introduction to the feature issue.

Applied optics·2018
Same author

Laser beam imaging via multiple mode operations of the extreme dynamic range CAOS camera.

Applied optics·2018
Same author

Demonstration of the CDMA-mode CAOS smart camera.

Optics express·2017
Same author

Laser display system for multi-depth screen projection scenarios.

Applied optics·2017
Same author

Demonstration of 136 dB dynamic range capability for a simultaneous dual optical band CAOS camera.

Optics express·2017
Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Simultaneously Capturing Real-time Images in Two Emission Channels Using a Dual Camera Emission Splitting System: Applications to Cell Adhesion
10:30

Simultaneously Capturing Real-time Images in Two Emission Channels Using a Dual Camera Emission Splitting System: Applications to Cell Adhesion

Published on: September 4, 2013

9.7K

Triple coding empowered FDMA-CDMA mode high-security CAOS camera.

Nabeel A Riza, Mohsin A Mazhar

    Applied Optics
    |October 6, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel hybrid frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA) mode for coded access optical sensor (CAOS) cameras. This new FDMA-CDMA mode offers faster, more secure imaging with enhanced dynamic range and simultaneous full-spectrum capture.

    More Related Videos

    Conducting Multiple Imaging Modes with One Fluorescence Microscope
    08:32

    Conducting Multiple Imaging Modes with One Fluorescence Microscope

    Published on: October 28, 2018

    10.0K
    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
    09:43

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

    Published on: March 20, 2017

    10.0K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Oct 17, 2025

    Simultaneously Capturing Real-time Images in Two Emission Channels Using a Dual Camera Emission Splitting System: Applications to Cell Adhesion
    10:30

    Simultaneously Capturing Real-time Images in Two Emission Channels Using a Dual Camera Emission Splitting System: Applications to Cell Adhesion

    Published on: September 4, 2013

    9.7K
    Conducting Multiple Imaging Modes with One Fluorescence Microscope
    08:32

    Conducting Multiple Imaging Modes with One Fluorescence Microscope

    Published on: October 28, 2018

    10.0K
    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
    09:43

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

    Published on: March 20, 2017

    10.0K

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Digital Signal Processing
    • Image Sensors

    Background:

    • Traditional coded access optical sensor (CAOS) cameras operate in independent Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) modes.
    • These independent modes present limitations in terms of speed, dynamic range, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
    • A need exists for a hybrid approach to overcome these limitations and enhance camera performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate, for the first time, a hybrid FDMA-CDMA mode for CAOS cameras.
    • To evaluate the performance benefits of this novel triple coding mode compared to existing FDMA and CDMA modes.
    • To showcase the capability for simultaneous dual image capture across a wide spectral range.

    Main Methods:

    • Development and demonstration of a hybrid FDMA-CDMA mode for CAOS cameras.
    • Utilizing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) digital signal processing (DSP) for spectrum analysis in FDMA.
    • Employing simultaneous photodetection from multiple CAOS pixels for CDMA signal enhancement.
    • Experiments conducted using a digital-micromirror-device-based CAOS camera in both passive and active light modes.

    Main Results:

    • The FDMA-CDMA mode achieved P times faster camera operation than equivalent Frequency Modulation (FM)-CDMA modes, with P representing the number of FDMA channels.
    • High-quality image recovery of a 64 dB high dynamic range (HDR) target was demonstrated with a 4-channel FDMA-CDMA mode.
    • Simultaneous capture of ultraviolet-near-infrared (350-1,800 nm) full spectrum images using silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) detectors was achieved.
    • Active mode demonstration showed simultaneous capture of 3 images using 3 LED light sources without tunable filters.

    Conclusions:

    • The hybrid FDMA-CDMA mode offers a robust, faster, and more secure approach to linear irradiance extraction at a moderately high dynamic range.
    • This novel mode significantly enhances CAOS camera performance by combining the strengths of FDMA and CDMA.
    • The demonstrated capabilities open new application avenues in areas such as food inspection and security systems.