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Kovacs Memory Effect with an Optically Levitated Nanoparticle.

Andrei Militaru1, Antonio Lasanta2,3,4,5, Martin Frimmer1

  • 1Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.

Physical Review Letters
|October 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed the Kovacs effect in levitated nanoparticles, showing unexpected energy changes during cooling and heating. This phenomenon, related to thermalization dynamics, can occur in various nanoscale systems.

Area of Science:

  • Nanoscale physics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Understanding nonequilibrium cooling and heating at the nanoscale is challenging.
  • Memory effects can lead to unexpected relaxation pathways.
  • The Kovacs effect describes nonmonotonic energy evolution during interrupted thermalization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the Kovacs effect in the thermalization of a levitated nanoparticle's center of mass motion.
  • To investigate nanoscale thermalization dynamics under controlled temperature changes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a levitated nanoparticle system.
  • Controlling temperature with white Gaussian noise to mimic an effective thermal bath.
  • Mimicking bath temperature changes faster than system relaxation times.

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  • Modeling experiments using Brownian particle dynamics in a harmonic trap without fitting parameters.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully observed the Kovacs effect in the nanoparticle system.
    • Demonstrated nonmonotonic energy evolution during thermalization.
    • Validated theoretical models with experimental data.

    Conclusions:

    • The Kovacs effect is observable in levitated nanoparticle thermalization.
    • Nanoscale thermalization dynamics can exhibit complex behaviors like the Kovacs effect.
    • This phenomenon has broad applicability across various physical systems.