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Strain and Elastic Modulus

Strain and Elastic Modulus

The quantity that describes the deformation of a body under stress is known as strain. Strain is given as a fractional change in either length, volume, or geometry under tensile, volume (also known as bulk), or shear stress, respectively, and is a dimensionless quantity. The strain experienced by a body under tensile or compressive stress is called tensile or compressive strain, respectively. In contrast, the strain experienced under bulk stress and shear stress is known as volume and shear...

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...

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Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Strain Sensing Based on Multiscale Composite Materials Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets

Strain Sensing Based on Multiscale Composite Materials Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets

Published on: November 7, 2016

Stretchable Soft Composites with Strain-Induced Architectured Color.

Erik Poloni¹, Ahmad Rafsanjani¹, Vadim Place¹

¹Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|October 11, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new soft composites that change color when stretched. This low-power, strain-induced color change technology could create advanced displays and robotic skins.

Keywords:

color changing composites soft robotics stretchable devices structural color

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Controlled Strain of 3D Hydrogels under Live Microscopy Imaging

Controlled Strain of 3D Hydrogels under Live Microscopy Imaging

Published on: December 4, 2020

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Optics
Soft Robotics

Background:

Living organisms utilize low-power methods for dynamic color control in soft tissues.
Current artificial color-changing technologies are often rigid and energy-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

To report architectured composites capable of dynamic, low-power color changes in response to mechanical strain.
To demonstrate a novel mechano-optic coupling mechanism for programmable color modulation.

Main Methods:

Embedding reflective coated platelets within a soft polymer matrix.
Magnetically programming the initial orientation and spatial distribution of platelets.
Inducing color changes via directional stretching and analyzing the resulting structural color.

Main Results:

Achieved striking, orientation-dependent color changes in architectured composites under ambient light with minimal power input.
Demonstrated strain-modulated color-changing effects surpassing current technological capabilities.
Confirmed color generation through structural color derived from oxide coatings on rotated platelets.

Conclusions:

The developed strain-induced architectured color concept offers a pathway to low-power, stretchable electronic devices.
Potential applications include smart displays, tactile synthetic skins, and autonomous soft robots with reversible color-changing capabilities.