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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
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A Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Venous Malformation
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Recent Advances in Pediatric Vasculitis.

Laura Cannon1, Eveline Y Wu2

  • 1Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Road, DUMC Box 3212, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America
|October 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This article reviews pediatric primary systemic vasculitides, covering clinical presentation, diagnosis, and pathogenesis. It highlights advances in understanding and harmonizing treatment through guidelines and collaborations for these rare pediatric conditions.

Keywords:
ChildhoodPediatricSystemicVasculitidesVasculitis

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Rare diseases

Background:

  • Primary systemic vasculitides are rare, serious inflammatory conditions affecting children.
  • Accurate diagnosis and understanding of pathogenesis are crucial for effective management.
  • Variability in diagnosis and treatment necessitates collaborative efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the clinical presentation and diagnosis of select pediatric primary systemic vasculitides.
  • To discuss recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of these rare diseases.
  • To highlight efforts in harmonizing treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria.
  • Summary of current research on vasculitis pathogenesis.
  • Discussion of consensus-based guidelines and collaborative initiatives.

Main Results:

  • Key clinical features and diagnostic approaches for specific pediatric vasculitides are outlined.
  • Advances in understanding the underlying mechanisms of these diseases are presented.
  • The importance of standardized treatment protocols and international cooperation is emphasized.

Conclusions:

  • Improved understanding of pathogenesis aids in diagnosis and treatment.
  • Harmonized treatment through guidelines and collaborations enhances patient outcomes.
  • Continued research and collaboration are vital for managing pediatric primary systemic vasculitides.