'Bumps down under:' hemorrhoids, skin tags and all things perianal

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Colorectal Surgery
• Medical Technology

Background:

• Common perianal diseases include hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and anal fistulas.
• Current treatment goals emphasize efficacy, reduced pain, minimal incontinence risk, and cost-effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in the literature for treating common perianal diseases.
• To highlight therapies addressing underlying pathology while improving patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent developments in perianal disease management.
• Analysis of novel and enhanced established treatment options.

Main Results:

• Hemorrhoid treatment: vessel ligation/obliteration for grades II-IV; modified hemorrhoidectomy techniques.
• Anal fissure treatment: stepwise approach (vasodilators, botox, sphincterotomy) with emphasis on patient selection.
• Anal fistula treatment: modified ligation techniques and laser obliteration.

Conclusions:

• Ongoing advancements in managing benign anorectal diseases.
• Improvements focus on operative techniques and patient selection for better outcomes.