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Two-dimensional biomaterials: material science, biological effect and biomedical engineering applications.

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Two-dimensional (2D) biomaterials offer unique nanoplatforms for public health advancements. This review details their design, applications, and challenges for clinical translation.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Nanotechnology offers promising solutions for public health challenges.
  • Two-dimensional (2D) biomaterials, with their unique planar structure, have gained significant attention in biomedicine.
  • Inspired by graphene, numerous 2D biomaterials are explored for diverse bio-applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art 2D biomaterials for biomedical applications.
  • To focus on the design, fabrication, and functionalization of these materials.
  • To highlight interactions between 2D biomaterials and biological systems for improved functionality.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advancements in 2D biomaterials for biomedicine.
  • Analysis of structure-property-bioactivity-biosafety-application-performance relationships.
  • Discussion of spatial-temporal interactions between 2D biomaterials and biological systems.

Main Results:

  • 2D biomaterials exhibit versatile applications including biosensing, imaging, drug delivery, cancer theranostics, and tissue engineering.
  • Understanding material interactions with biological systems is crucial for optimizing performance.
  • Key challenges and future directions for clinical translation are identified.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of 2D biomaterials is essential for their effective biomedical utilization.
  • Further research into material-biology interactions will drive innovation.
  • Addressing current challenges is critical for advancing the clinical translation of 2D biomaterials.