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Directed Protein Packaging within Outer Membrane Vesicles from Escherichia coli: Design, Production and Purification
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Structural basis of soluble membrane attack complex packaging for clearance.

Anaïs Menny1, Marie V Lukassen2,3, Emma C Couves1

  • 1Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.

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|October 20, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular chaperones like clusterin prevent immune damage by blocking the complement system's membrane attack complex (MAC). This study reveals how clusterin binds sMAC, inhibiting C9 protein polymerization and pore formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Unregulated complement activation leads to inflammatory diseases.
  • Extracellular chaperones (clusterin, vitronectin) clear soluble membrane attack complex (sMAC) precursors to prevent bystander damage.
  • The mechanism by which chaperones inhibit MAC polymerization and membrane binding is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism of sMAC inhibition by extracellular chaperones.
  • To determine the structure of sMAC and its interaction with clusterin.
  • To understand how complement activation is controlled.

Main Methods:

  • Cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) was used to solve the sMAC structure.
  • Cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) provided complementary structural data.
  • Biochemical assays were used to study protein interactions.

Main Results:

  • The structure of sMAC was determined, revealing clusterin binding to a negatively charged surface.
  • Clusterin inhibits sMAC by preventing further polymerization of complement proteins.
  • The C9 protein is trapped in an intermediate conformation, with only one transmembrane β-hairpin unfurled.

Conclusions:

  • Clusterin actively inhibits complement-mediated membrane attack complex formation.
  • The findings provide molecular insights into immune pore formation and complement regulation.
  • This mechanism is crucial for immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune pathology.