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Related Concept Videos

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
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Microtubule Formation

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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

The MultiBac Protein Complex Production Platform at the EMBL
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Published on: July 11, 2013

Structure of the pre-initiation complex explains CMGE biogenesis.

Thomas Pühringer1, Berta Canal2, Giacomo Palm1

  • 1Macromolecular Machines Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.

Nature
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers elucidated the mechanism of CMGE helicase assembly during DNA replication initiation. They discovered how firing factors remodel the MCM complex and how ATP drives CMGE maturation and DNA unwinding.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • DNA replication initiation is a complex process involving the assembly of replication machinery at origins.
  • The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex is a key component, forming a double hexamer that needs to be activated for DNA unwinding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To understand the biogenesis of CMGE helicases, the core components of the replication machinery.
  • To elucidate the structural and mechanistic details of pre-initiation complex formation and activation.

Main Methods:

  • Reconstitution of the CMGE pre-initiation complex using purified yeast proteins.
  • Cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structure of the complex during assembly.
  • Biochemical assays to study the role of ATP and specific factors like Sld2.

Main Results:

  • Determined the cryo-EM structure of the CMGE pre-initiation complex, revealing the stepwise assembly process.
  • Showed how firing factors reshape the MCM complex, facilitating DNA opening.
  • Demonstrated that ATP promotes firing factor ejection and CMGE maturation.
  • Identified Sld2's crucial roles in GINS recruitment, CMGE dimer separation, and lagging strand ejection from MCM.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a detailed mechanistic view of CMGE helicase biogenesis and activation.
  • Findings highlight conserved mechanisms of replication fork establishment across eukaryotes, with implications for RECQL4 function.