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How ageing and blindness affect egocentric and allocentric spatial memory.

Gennaro Ruggiero1, Francesco Ruotolo1, Tina Iachini1

  • 1Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, CS-IVR, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ageing and congenital blindness significantly impair allocentric spatial memory, affecting how individuals process object-to-object spatial relationships. Egocentric processing remained less affected across all groups studied.

Keywords:
Egocentric–allocentric reference framesageingblindnesscongenitally and adventitiously blindspatial memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Spatial Cognition

Background:

  • Spatial cognition relies on egocentric (self-to-object) and allocentric (object-to-object) reference frames.
  • Vision loss may hinder allocentric spatial representation, while ageing negatively impacts spatial memory in sighted individuals.
  • The combined effects of ageing and visual status on spatial reference frame processing remain understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how ageing affects spatial reference frame processing in individuals with varying visual experience.
  • To compare egocentric and allocentric spatial judgements across different groups: congenitally blind, adventitiously blind, blindfolded sighted, and sighted participants.
  • To determine the influence of age and visual status on the ability to process allocentric spatial information.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 160 participants: young/elderly congenitally blind, adventitiously blind, blindfolded sighted, and sighted individuals.
  • Participants performed a spatial memory task requiring egocentric and allocentric distance judgements of memorised stimuli.
  • Analysis focused on comparing performance in egocentric versus allocentric judgements across age and visual status groups.

Main Results:

  • Egocentric spatial judgements were generally superior to allocentric judgements across all participant groups.
  • The ability to process allocentric information was significantly influenced by both participant age and visual status.
  • Congenitally blind elderly participants exhibited the poorest performance in allocentric judgements compared to all other groups.

Conclusions:

  • Ageing and congenital blindness can synergistically impair the capacity for allocentric spatial representation.
  • These findings highlight the critical role of visual experience and age in developing and maintaining the ability to process external spatial relationships.
  • The study underscores the vulnerability of allocentric spatial processing to the combined effects of long-term visual deprivation and advanced age.